TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin
AU  - Balcilar, Mehmet
AU  - Tansel, Aysit
        TI  - International Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender: Unit Root or Structural Breaks?
        PY  - 2011/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 6063
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp6063
        AB  - This paper examines the possibility of unit roots in the presence of endogenously determined multiple structural breaks in the total, female and male labour force participation rates (LFPR) for Australia, Canada and the USA. We extend the procedure of Gil-Alana (2008) for single structural break to the case of multiple structural breaks at endogenously determined dates using the principles suggested by Bai and Perron (1998). We use the Robinson (1994) LM test to determine the fractional order of integration. We find that endogenously determined structural breaks render the total, female and male LFPR series stationary or at best mean-reverting.
        KW  - labour force participation rates
KW  - gender
KW  - fractional integration
KW  - structural breaks
        ER  -