%0 Report
        %A Tausch, Arno
%A Heshmati, Almas
        %T Re-Orient? MNC Penetration and Contemporary Shifts in the Global Political Economy
        %D 2009
        %8 2009 Sep
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 4393
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp4393
        %X This article analyses IMF estimates of economic growth in 180 countries (IMF, 2009), and inks the results to the "Re-orient" approach, put forward by Frank, 1998. With global economic gravitation shifting to the Indian Ocean/Pacific region, the article also analyses the role of MNC (foreign capital) penetration as the key variable of past quantitative dependency studies for contemporary economic growth and social performance. In a Schumpeterian fashion, MNC penetration reflects the power, which transnational oligopolies wield over local economies. Today, social polarization and stagnation increase as a consequence of the development model, based on high MNC penetration.
        %K economic development
%K international relations and international political economy
%K technological change
%K growth