TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Halla, Martin
AU  - Lackner, Mario
AU  - Schneider, Friedrich
        TI  - An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of the Welfare State: The Case of Benefit Morale
        PY  - 2009/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 4165
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp4165
        AB  - Does the supply of a welfare state create its own demand? Many economic scholars studying welfare arrangements refer to Say's law and insinuate a self-destructive welfare state. However, little is known about the empirical validity of these assumptions and hypotheses. We study the dynamic effect of different welfare arrangements on benefit fraud. In particular, we analyze the impact of the welfare state on the respective social norm, i.e. benefit morale. It turns out that a high level of public social expenditures and a high unemployment rate are associated with a small positive (or no) immediate impact on benefit morale, which however is crowded out by adverse medium and long run effects.
        KW  - welfare state
KW  - social norms
KW  - benefit fraud
KW  - benefit morale
        ER  -