TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Berg, Gerard J. van den
AU  - Lundborg, Petter
AU  - Nystedt, Paul
AU  - Rooth, Dan-Olof
        TI  - Critical Periods During Childhood and Adolescence: A Study of Adult Height Among Immigrant Siblings
        PY  - 2009/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 4140
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp4140
        AB  - We identify the ages that constitute critical periods in children's development towards their adult health status. For this we use data on families migrating into Sweden from countries that are mostly poorer, with less healthy conditions. Long-run health is proxied by adult height. The relation between siblings' ages at migration and their heights after age 18 allows us to estimate the causal effect of conditions at a certain age on adult height. Moreover, we compare siblings born outside and within Sweden. We apply fixed-effect methods to a sample of about 9,000 brothers. We effectively exploit that for siblings the migration occurs simultaneously in calendar time but at different developmental stages (ages). We find important critical periods at ages 5/6 and 9. The effects are stronger in families migrating from poorer countries but weaker if the mother is well-educated.
        KW  - early-life conditions
KW  - parental education
KW  - adult health
KW  - height retardation
KW  - fetal programming
KW  - age
KW  - developmental origins
KW  - migration
        ER  -