TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Molina, José Alberto
AU  - Montuenga, Víctor M.
        TI  - The Motherhood Wage Penalty in a Mediterranean Country: The Case of Spain
        PY  - 2008/Jun/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 3574
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp3574
        AB  - We present evidence for the motherhood wage penalty in Spain as a representative Southern European Mediterranean country. We use the European Community Household Panel (ECHP, 1994-2001) to estimate, from both pool and fixed-effects methods, a wage equation in terms of observed variables and other non-observed individual characteristics. The empirical results confirm that there is clear evidence of a wage penalty for Spanish working women with children. Specifically, the fact that there is a birth in the family during the current year means that the woman loses 9% of her wage. We also find that having one child living in the household means a significant loss in wages of 6%, having two children, almost 14%, and having three or more, more than 15%.
        KW  - fixed-effects estimation
KW  - motherhood wage penalty
KW  - Spain
        ER  -