@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp354,
            	author={Kluve, Jochen},
            	title={On the Role of Counterfactuals in Inferring Causal Effects of Treatments},
            	year={2001},
	month={Sep},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={354},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp354},
	abstract={Causal inference in the empirical sciences is based on counterfactuals. This paper presents the counterfactual account of causation in terms of Lewis’s possible-world semantics, and reformulates the statistical potential outcome framework and its underlying assumptions using counterfactual conditionals. I discuss varieties of causally meaningful counterfactuals for the case of a finite number of treatments, and illustrate these using a simple set-theoretical framework. The paper proceeds to examine proximity relations between possible worlds, and discusses implications for empirical practice.},
	keywords={treatment effect;possible worlds;counterfactuals;Causation},
            }