TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Dorn, David
AU  - Sousa-Poza, Alfonso
        TI  - 'Voluntary' and 'Involuntary' Early Retirement: An International Analysis
        PY  - 2007/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 2714
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp2714
        AB  - Recent literature makes a distinction between 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement, where 'involuntary' early retirement results from employment constraints rather than from a preference for leisure relative to work. This paper analyzes 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement based on international microdata covering 19 industrialized countries. The results show that 'involuntary' early retirement is particularly widespread in Continental Europe. Countries facing economic recessions and having strict employment protection legislation have higher shares of 'involuntary' retirements among early retirees. Generous early retirement provisions of the social security system do not only make 'voluntary' early retirement more attractive for individuals, but also induce firms to push more employees into early retirement.
        KW  - early retirement
KW  - social security
KW  - pensions
KW  - involuntary early retirement
        ER  -