@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18624,
            	author={Hadah, Hussain and Compta, Gael and Saffouri, Ali},
            	title={The Effects of Waiting Periods on Firearm Suicides in the U.S.},
            	year={2026},
	month={May},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18624},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18624},
	abstract={In this paper, we analyze the causal effect of mandatory firearm waiting periods on suicide rates using difference-in-differences methodology. We find waiting periods reduce overall firearm suicides by 12% (0.92 deaths per 100,000), with steeper declines among white individuals (37%) and adults over 55 (40%). We find no evidence of substitution toward non-firearm methods; conversely, repealing these laws increases firearm suicides. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that waiting periods prevent approximately 3,000 deaths annually, generating $41 billion in social benefits. These findings demonstrate that "cooling-off periods" effectively disrupt the transition from suicidal ideation to action by delaying access to lethal means.},
	keywords={firearm waiting periods;suicide prevention;gun policy;public health;difference-in-differences;event-study design},
            }