TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Luck, Nathalie
AU  - Grimm, Michael
AU  - Tamtomo, Kristian
        TI  - Cultivating Change: Long-Term Effects of Repeated Training on Organic Farming Adoption in Indonesia
        PY  - 2026/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18479
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18479
        AB  - Most impact assessments of agricultural training evaluate one-time interventions over short time horizons. However, farmers may initially show enthusiasm for a new technology but subsequently dis-adopt it after a trial period, while others may adopt practices gradually over time. This study investigates the causal impact of repeated agricultural training on the adoption of organic farming practices among Indonesian smallholder farmers. Using a randomized controlled trial and four waves of panel data spanning five years, we analyze adoption dynamics over time. Farmers in the treatment group received training twice, once in 2018 and again in 2022. Our findings show that repeated training significantly increased the adoption of organic farming practices, but no evidence that training motivated farmers to fully transition to organic farming. Adoption patterns reveal substantial dis-adoption, re-adoption, and late adoption following repeated training. The results contribute to understanding longer-term adoption dynamics after extension programs and provide insights into the challenges faced by smallholder farmers transitioning to sustainable agricultural practices.
        KW  - organic farming
KW  - training
KW  - skills
KW  - technology adoption
KW  - information constraints
KW  - extension services
KW  - Indonesia
        ER  -