@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18458,
            	author={Buggle, Johannes and Butschek, Sebastian and Tenschert, Elian},
            	title={Political Identity and Consumer Behaviour: Musk and Tesla in Germany},
            	year={2026},
	month={Mar},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18458},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18458},
	abstract={We study how a political identity shock affects high-stakes consumption choices. Late in 2024, Elon Musk endorsed Germany’s far-right Alternative für Deutschland. We document that after this, Tesla sales rose by up to 30 percent in right-leaning districts relative to left-leaning ones, without measurable substitution to other electric vehicles. Divestment in second-hand markets shows no partisan differences, consistent with resale requiring a larger identity cost from Tesla's image shock than non-purchase. Our lower bound-estimate for the overall loss in Tesla sales is 6500 vehicles in the first half of 2025, worth at least €241 million.},
	keywords={consumer identity;political polarization;Elon Musk},
            }