@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18413,
            	author={Koppensteiner, Martin Foureaux and Menezes, Livia},
            	title={The Intergenerational Costs of Crime: Evidence from Maternal Victimization in Brazil},
            	year={2026},
	month={Feb},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18413},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18413},
	abstract={We study the causal effect of maternal criminal victimization on child health using linked police reports and birth records from Brazil. Focusing on robbery and theft - everyday crimes not involving physical injury - we show that victimization during pregnancy increases low birthweight by 6.9 percentage points, with effects particularly pronounced among socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers. These effects are comparable in magnitude to those documented for physical assaults, indicating that stress and economic disruption alone adversely affect fetal development. We also document persistent effects, including elevated hospitalization and ICU admission rates in early childhood, pointing to significant intergenerational costs.},
	keywords={victimization;crime;birth outcomes;health investments},
            }