@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18386,
            	author={Golberstein, Ezra and Guth, Daniel and Slusky, David},
            	title={Political Stressors and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election},
            	year={2026},
	month={Feb},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18386},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18386},
	abstract={We study political shocks as potential birth outcomes stressors, specifically the unexpected result of the 2016 U.S. presidential election.  We investigate this two-sided shock using an innovative data linkage: Colorado voter registrations and birth certificates, matched by sex, birth year, and name. Contrary to our hypotheses, we do not find an effect on birth outcomes. We do find some evidence that stress-related behaviors in pregnancy worsened for Democrats. This research adds new evidence on the effects of in-utero exposure to two-sided stressors, uses a novel data linkage, and expands the new economics area of politics as a determinant of health.},
	keywords={elections;birth weight;fetal origins;maternal stress},
            }