TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Fang, Tony
AU  - Pracek, Torin
AU  - Chen, Jianghua
AU  - Chen, Wen-Hao
        TI  - Agricultural Trade and Geopolitics:  A Comparative Analysis of China-U.S. and China-Canada Trade Relations
        PY  - 2026/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18362
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18362
        AB  - This paper draws on trade data, academic literature, government reports, and policy documents to contextualize historic trade dynamics and trace the buildup to recent disputes. Using a comparative framework, we analyze how Sino-U.S. and Sino-Canada relations have shaped and continue to shape agri-food trade flows. Our analysis reveals structural vulnerabilities in U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports to China, emphasizing how reliance on a narrow set of commodities exposes both countries to economic losses resulting from China’s trade policies. Simultaneously, China’s dependence on a limited number of suppliers for large volumes of key commodities makes it vulnerable to price volatility and supply uncertainty.
        KW  - agri-trade
KW  - bilateral agreements
KW  - tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers
        ER  -