%0 Report
        %A Fang, Tony
%A Pracek, Torin
%A Chen, Jianghua
%A Chen, Wen-Hao
        %T Agricultural Trade and Geopolitics:  A Comparative Analysis of China-U.S. and China-Canada Trade Relations
        %D 2026
        %8 2026 Feb
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 18362
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18362
        %X This paper draws on trade data, academic literature, government reports, and policy documents to contextualize historic trade dynamics and trace the buildup to recent disputes. Using a comparative framework, we analyze how Sino-U.S. and Sino-Canada relations have shaped and continue to shape agri-food trade flows. Our analysis reveals structural vulnerabilities in U.S. and Canadian agricultural exports to China, emphasizing how reliance on a narrow set of commodities exposes both countries to economic losses resulting from China’s trade policies. Simultaneously, China’s dependence on a limited number of suppliers for large volumes of key commodities makes it vulnerable to price volatility and supply uncertainty.
        %K agri-trade
%K bilateral agreements
%K tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers