TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Gries, Thomas
AU  - Naudé, Wim
        TI  - Economics for a Safe Operating Space: A Green-Growth-Degrowth Model
        PY  - 2025/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18110
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18110
        AB  - We present a model of economic growth that bridges Green Growth and Degrowth perspectives. The model demonstrates that a minimum physical per capita consumption level can be maintained without recourse to tech-optimism, and moreover with degrowth in material resource throughput - respecting planetary boundaries. We critically discuss the assumptions necessary for this result, explore relaxing these, and illustrate that eventually a full transition to renewable energy and materials will be needed to sustain consumption levels in a post-growth economy. We identify areas for future growth modelling, emphasising that these require genuine interdisciplinary cooperation.
        KW  - post-growth
KW  - degrowth
KW  - economic growth
KW  - green growth
KW  - sustainability
        ER  -