TY  - RPRT
        AU  - McLean, Andrew
AU  - McVicar, Duncan
        TI  - Does Being Excluded from School Harm Student Achievement? Evidence from Siblings in English Population Data
        PY  - 2025/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18044
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp18044
        AB  - This paper presents sibling fixed effects estimates of the relationship between school exclusion and subsequent academic achievement from population-wide administrative data on English secondary school students. It complements a growing base of quasi-experimental and individual fixed effects evidence on exclusion effects in predominantly US settings. We find that being excluded is negatively associated with subsequent achievement at school. We assess the extent to which this might reflect a negative causal impact of exclusion.
        KW  - sibling fixed effects
KW  - educational achievement
KW  - administrative data
KW  - school exclusion
        ER  -