TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bargain, Olivier B.
AU  - Tamayo, Holguer Xavier Jara
AU  - Rivera, David
        TI  - Social Gaps, Perceived Inequality and Protests
        PY  - 2025/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17769
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp17769
        AB  - Latent feelings of economic vulnerability and social stagnation may have catalyzed the unprecedented uprisings that shook Latin America and other parts of the world in 2018-2019. We document this process in the context of Chile, leveraging survey data on protest participation and its potential determinants. Specifically, we construct a “social gap” index, measuring the disconnect between objective and perceived social status. Our findings suggest that this social gap predicts protest involvement beyond factors such as perceived living costs, the subjective value of public services, peer influence, or political demands. Notably, it complements broader feelings of anger toward inequalities in explaining protests.
        KW  - protests
KW  - social gap
KW  - perceived inequality
KW  - social status
        ER  -