@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp17740,
            	author={Dolado, Juan J. and Jáñez, Álvaro and Wellschmied, Felix},
            	title={Riders on the Storm},
            	year={2025},
	month={Feb},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={17740},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp17740},
	abstract={Online food delivery platforms typically operate through a controversial business model that relies on subcontracting self-employed workers, known as riders. We quantify the labor-market effects of the Spanish Riders' Law in 2021 that established the presumption of dependent employment for riders using a search and matching model. Riders with heterogeneous preferences for leisure trade off work flexibility and easier employability as self-employed against enjoying higher wages as employees. Our main finding is that the reform led to a higher share of employees but failed to fully absorb the large flows of workers transiting out of self-employment and decreased riders' wages leading to welfare losses. However, complementing the reform with a payroll tax cut for platforms hiring employees preserves employment levels and increases riders' welfare.},
	keywords={riders;food delivery platforms;self-employed;employees},
            }