TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Naufal, George S
AU  - Patterson, Bethany
AU  - Danser, Renee
AU  - Greiner, D. James
        TI  - The Causal Impact of Counsel at First Appearance: Evidence from Two Randomized Control Trials
        PY  - 2025/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17712
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp17712
        AB  - This paper examines the impact of defense counsel at first appearance (CAFA) on criminal justice outcomes using randomized control trials in two Texas counties. The study evaluates the influence of CAFA on bond amounts, pretrial release, conditions, and post-magistration outcomes such as recidivism and failure to appear. Results show that while CAFA reduces bond amounts and influences bond types in one jurisdiction, its effects on pretrial release and recidivism are limited. These findings highlight jurisdictional differences and suggest that CAFA's impact may be more modest than previous studies indicate, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
        KW  - first appearance
KW  - RCT
KW  - bail
KW  - pretrial release
        ER  -