TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Lewandowski, Piotr
AU  - Szymczak, Wojciech
        TI  - Automation, Trade Unions and Atypical Employment
        PY  - 2024/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17544
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp17544
        AB  - We study the effect of the adoption of automation technologies – industrial robots, and software and databases – on the incidence of atypical employment in 13 EU countries between 2006 and 2018. We find that industrial robots significantly increase atypical employment share, mostly through involuntary part-time and involuntary fixed-term work. We find no robust effect of software and databases. We also show that the higher trade union density mitigates the robots' impact on atypical employment, while employment protection legislation appears to play no role. Using historical decompositions, we attribute about 1-2 percentage points of atypical employment shares to rising robot exposure.
        KW  - atypical employment
KW  - automation
KW  - robots
KW  - trade unions
        ER  -