TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bitler, Marianne P.
AU  - Gelbach, Jonah B.
AU  - Hoynes, Hilary W.
        TI  - What Mean Impacts Miss: Distributional Effects of Welfare Reform Experiments
        PY  - 2005/Aug/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 1728
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp1728
        AB  - Labor supply theory predicts systematic heterogeneity in the impact of recent welfare reforms on earnings, transfers, and income. Yet most welfare reform research focuses on mean impacts. We investigate the importance of heterogeneity using random-assignment data from Connecticut's Jobs First waiver, which features key elements of post-1996 welfare programs. Estimated quantile treatment effects exhibit the substantial heterogeneity predicted by labor supply theory. Thus mean impacts miss a great deal. Looking separately at samples of dropouts and other women does not improve the performance of mean impacts. We conclude that welfare reform's effects are likely both more varied and more extensive than has been recognized.
        KW  - distributional effects
KW  - treatment effect heterogeneity
KW  - welfare reform
        ER  -