@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp17116,
            	author={Munch, Jakob R. and Olney, William W.},
            	title={Offshoring and the Decline of Unions},
            	year={2024},
	month={Jul},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={17116},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp17116},
	abstract={The prevalence of labor unions have declined post-WWII, and this paper examines whether globalization is a contributing factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density. Alternatively, a firms' ability to offshore may erode the union's bargaining power, decrease the benefits of union membership, and reduce unionization rates. We test these predictions using an employer-employee matched data set covering the universe of workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and the unionization decisions of individual workers. 
The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization rates, even within a job-spell. This is not driven by the changing composition of firms or workers, but instead appears to be due to a decline in the union's bargaining position. Additional results confirm that the union wage premium and the rent-sharing elasticity are both smaller at offshoring firms. These results have important policy implications for the distributional effects of globalization and for the future of organized labor.},
	keywords={offshoring;unions;trade;globalization;collective bargaining},
            }