TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Healy, Olivia
AU  - Heissel, Jennifer A.
        TI  - Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement
        PY  - 2024/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16743
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp16743
        AB  - This paper explores whether and why a maternal "child penalty" to earnings would emerge even without changes in employment and hours worked. Using a matched event study design, we trace monthly changes in determinants of wages (job performance, human capital accumulation, and promotions). Data come from a usefully unusual setting with required multiyear employment and detailed personnel data: the United States Marine Corps. Mothers' job performance initially declines, and gaps in promotion grow through 24 months postbirth. Fathers' physical fitness performance drops somewhat but recovers. These patterns lead mothers to earn relatively lower wages, even absent changes in employment postbirth.
        KW  - gender wage gap
KW  - child penalty
KW  - parenthood
KW  - promotion
        ER  -