TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Gørtz, Mette
AU  - Sander, Sarah
AU  - Sevilla, Almudena
        TI  - Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?
        PY  - 2023/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16557
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp16557
        AB  - This paper compares the labor market impact of grandparents before and after the arrival of the first grandchild. We show that grandmothers' labor market outcomes decline more steeply than grandfathers' after the first grandchild's arrival, leading to a 4-10 percent gender earnings gap 5-10 years later. The child penalty is shifted across generations to grandmothers with low education, but daycare availability only affects child penalties. Gender biases towards older women's work are a contributing factor to the disparity in earnings between grandmothers and grandfathers after the arrival of the first grandchild.
        KW  - gender
KW  - female labor supply
KW  - grandchildren
KW  - inequality
KW  - retirement
        ER  -