%0 Report
        %A Jafarov, Jafar
%A Singh, Tejendra P.
%A Sahoo, Soham
        %T Air Pollution and Time Use: Evidence from India
        %D 2023
        %8 2023 Oct
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 16552
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp16552
        %X We investigate how air pollution impacts outdoor activity avoidance, leveraging changes in local wind direction in an instrumental variable setup for causal identification. Our findings reveal a substantial reduction in time spent outdoors during polluted days, mainly driven by decreased engagement in employment-related activities. This effect varies significantly across age, education level, usual principal activity status, consumption expenditure, and residential location. Moreover, reduced outdoor time due to air pollution can potentially promote a more equitable allocation of unpaid caregiving responsibilities within households via increased male involvement. Our results rule out information provision as the primary mechanism and remain robust under various sensitivity tests.
        %K air pollution
%K time-use
%K labor supply
%K intrahousehold bargaining
%K avoidance behavior
%K India