TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Hanushek, Eric A.
AU  - Kinne, Lavinia
AU  - Sancassani, Pietro
AU  - Woessmann, Ludger
        TI  - Can Patience Account For Subnational Differences in Student Achievement? Regional Analysis with Facebook Interests
        PY  - 2023/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16458
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp16458
        AB  - Decisions to invest in human capital depend on people's time preferences. We show that differences in patience are closely related to substantial subnational differences in educational achievement, leading to new perspectives on longstanding within-country disparities. We use social-media data - Facebook interests - to construct novel regional measures of patience within Italy and the United States. Patience is strongly positively associated with student achievement in both countries, accounting for two-thirds of the achievement variation across Italian regions and one-third across U.S. states. Results also hold for six other countries with more limited regional achievement data.
        KW  - social media
KW  - regions
KW  - student achievement
KW  - patience
KW  - Facebook
        ER  -