%0 Report
        %A Cardullo, Gabriele
%A Conti, Maurizio
%A Ricci, Andrea
%A Scicchitano, Sergio
%A Sulis, Giovanni
        %T On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
        %D 2023
        %8 2023 Jan
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 15898
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp15898
        %X We explore the long run determinants of current differences in the degree of cooperative labor relations at local level. We do this by estimating the causal effect of the medieval communes - that were established in certain cities in Centre-Northern Italy towards the end of the 11th century - and that contributed to the emergence of a cooperative attitude in the population on various proxies for current cooperative labor relations. Conditional on a large set of firm and municipality level controls, as well as a full set of province fixed effects, we find that firms located in municipalities that had been a free medieval commune in the past, have higher current probabilities to adopt two-tier bargaining structures and to be unionized. We also report IV and propensity score estimates that confirm our main results.
        %K unions
%K two-tier bargaining
%K industrial relations
%K cooperation
%K persistence