TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bertoli, Simone
AU  - Laouénan, Morgane
AU  - Valette, Jérôme
        TI  - Border Apprehensions and Federal Sentencing of Hispanic Citizens in the United States
        PY  - 2023/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15866
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp15866
        AB  - We provide evidence that Hispanic citizens receive significantly longer sentences than non-Hispanic citizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System in the United States when a higher number of illegal aliens are apprehended along the southwest border. Apprehensions can increase the salience of Hispanic ethnic identity, which is associated with persistent negative stereotypes, and can also deteriorate attitudes toward Hispanics. We rule out concerns that apprehensions might be conveying legally relevant information to judges. Thus, we provide direct evidence for time-varying discrimination toward Hispanic defendants. Our estimated effect is only at play for defendants without a heavy previous criminal record.
        KW  - attitudes
KW  - discrimination
KW  - ethnic identity
KW  - immigration
KW  - salience
KW  - sentences
        ER  -