TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Blanco-Álvarez, Jose
AU  - Parsons, Christopher
AU  - Tang, Sam
AU  - Wang, Yong
        TI  - Brain Refrain and Human Capital Formation in Spain
        PY  - 2022/Jun/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15400
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp15400
        AB  - We examine how low and high skilled internal emigration causally affect investments in human capital at origin. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence of a disincentive mechanism through which individuals refrain from education should low skilled emigration prove a viable alternative. Our identification strategy leverages administrative records of labor contracts of differing skills signed at migrants' provincial destinations. We document large Brain Gain and Brain Refrain effects. Our results paradoxically demonstrate an improvement in human capital given the trajectory of the Spanish labor market over our sample period. When juxtaposed against provinces' net human capital positions however, most provinces lose.
        KW  - brain drain
KW  - brain gain
KW  - brain refrain
KW  - internal migration
KW  - low skilled migration
KW  - high skilled migration
        ER  -