TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Anderson, D. Mark
AU  - Charles, Kerwin Kofi
AU  - McKelligott, Michael
AU  - Rees, Daniel I.
        TI  - Safeguarding Consumers through Minimum Quality Standards: Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
        PY  - 2022/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15295
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp15295
        AB  - We examine the effect of enforcing minimum quality standards (MQSs) on consumer health. In the late 1800s, the urban milk supply was regularly skimmed and diluted with water, but consumers could not easily determine its quality because dyes, caramel, and salt were added. To protect consumers, milk inspectors were tasked with enforcing a well-defined MQS. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we find that milk inspections reduced mortality from waterborne and foodborne diseases by 8-19 percent. Ours is the first study to provide evidence that MQSs can improve consumer health when directly applied to an experience or credence good.
        KW  - milk inspections
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - waterborne mortality
KW  - urban mortality
        ER  -