TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Schnabel, Claus
AU  - Wagner, Joachim
        TI  - Determinants of Union Membership in 18 EU Countries: Evidence from Micro Data, 2002/03
        PY  - 2005/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 1464
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp1464
        AB  - Using representative individual-level data from the first round of the European Social Survey fielded in 2002/03, this paper provides an empirical analysis of unionization in 18 countries of the European Union. We show that union density varies considerably in Europe, ranging from 84 per cent in Denmark to 11 per cent in Portugal. Estimating identical models for each country, we find that individuals’ probability of union membership is significantly affected by their personal characteristics, their attitudes and the characteristics of their workplace, whereas social factors seem to play a minor role. The presence of a union at the workplace and employees’ attitudes concerning strong unions are the two variables with the most wide-spread effects on unionization.
        KW  - union membership
KW  - union density
KW  - Europe
        ER  -