@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp14548,
            	author={Fernández-Kranz, Daniel and Rodríguez-Planas, Núria},
            	title={Too Family Friendly? The Consequences of Parent Part-Time Working Rights},
            	year={2021},
	month={Jul},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={14548},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp14548},
	abstract={We use a difference-in-differences model with individual fixed effects to evaluate a 1999 Spanish law granting employment protection to workers with children younger than 6 who had asked for a shorter workweek due to family responsibilities. Our analysis shows that well- intended policies can potentially backfire and aggravate labor market inequalities between men and women, since there is a very gendered take-up, with only women typically requesting part-time work. After the law was enacted, employers were 49% less likely to hire women of childbearing age, 40% more likely to separate from them, and 37% less likely to promote them to permanent contracts, increasing female non-employment by 4% to 8% relative to men of similar age. 
The results are similar using older women unaffected by the law as a comparison group. Moreover, the law penalized all women of childbearing age, even those who did not have children. These effects were largest in low-skill jobs, at firms with less than 10 employees, and in industries with few part-time workers. These findings are robust to several sensitivity analyses and placebo tests.},
	keywords={compositional bias;fixed-term and permanent contract employment;female employment transitions and wages},
            }