TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Zimpelmann, Christian
AU  - Gaudecker, Hans-Martin von
AU  - Holler, Radost
AU  - Janys, Lena
AU  - Siflinger, Bettina M.
        TI  - Drivers of Working Hours and Household Income Dynamics during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Netherlands
        PY  - 2021/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 14382
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp14382
        AB  - Using customized panel data spanning the entire year of 2020, we analyze the dynamics of working hours and household income across different stages of the CoVid-19 pandemic. Similar to many other countries, during this period the Netherlands experienced a quick spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, adopted a set of fairly strict social distancing measures, gradually reopened, and imposed another lockdown to contain the second wave. We show that socio-economic status is strongly related to changes in working hours, especially when strict economic restrictions are in place. 
In contrast, household income is equally unaffected for all socio-economic groups. Examining the drivers of these observations, we find that pandemic-specific job characteristics (the ability to work from home and essential worker status) explain most of the socio-economic gradient in total working hours. Furthermore, household income is largely decoupled from shocks to working hours for employees. We provide suggestive evidence that large-scale labor hoarding schemes have helped insure employees against demand shocks to their employees.
        KW  - inequality
KW  - labor market
KW  - working from home
KW  - coronavirus
KW  - mitigation policies
KW  - essential workers
KW  - COVID-19
        ER  -