TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Münich, Daniel
AU  - Svejnar, Jan
AU  - Terrell, Katherine
        TI  - Do Markets Favor Women's Human Capital More than Planners?
        PY  - 2004/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 1393
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp1393
        AB  - Using micro data on women in the Czech Republic, we compare returns to various measures
of human capital at the end of communism (1989), in mid-transition (1996) and in late/posttransition
(2002). We show: dramatic increases in returns to education from 1989 to 1996 but
no change from 1996 to 2002; no differences in returns to education by state vs. privatelyowned
firms; "sheepskin" effects in both regimes, which rise over time and are similar across
firm ownership; no difference in returns to education obtained during communism vs.
transition; no change in wage-experience profiles over time; and similar increases in returns
to education for women and men. In sum, markets pay women and men equally more for
their human capital than the planners did; all the adjustment occurred in early transition and
was driven by market forces rather than private ownership.
        KW  - transition
KW  - human capital
KW  - wages
KW  - sheepskin effects
KW  - Czech Republic
        ER  -