%0 Report
        %A Ogasawara, Kota
%A Komura, Mizuki
        %T Consequences of War: Japan's Demographic Transition and the Marriage Market
        %D 2020
        %8 2020 Nov
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 13885
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp13885
        %X This study explores the effects of imbalances in the sex ratio, and their impact on intra-household bargaining, on both the quantity and the quality of children. We first present the theoretical model of intra-household bargaining in the presence of conflicting family goals within a couple, and show that male scarcity (a decrease in the male to female sex ratio) induces an increase in the number of children, but a decrease in the quality of children. Second, using the impact of World War II on the sex ratio, as a quasi-natural experiment, we establish empirically that the decrease in the male to female sex ratio in World War II contributed to a lower decline in fertility and child mortality rates in postwar Japan. In particular, the fertility rate would have fallen by an additional 12% and the child mortality rate by an additional 13% between 1948 and 1970, in the absence of the decrease in the sex ratio.
        %K bargaining power
%K quantity–quality trade-off of children
%K marriage market
%K sex ratio