TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Emmler, Julian
AU  - Fitzenberger, Bernd
        TI  - The Role of Unemployment and Job Change When Estimating the Returns to Migration
        PY  - 2020/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 13740
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp13740
        AB  - Estimating the returns to migration from East to West Germany, we focus on pre-migration employment dynamics, earnings uncertainty, and job change. Migrants are found to be negatively selected with respect to labor market outcomes, with a large drop in earnings and employment during the last few months before migration. We find sizeable positive earnings and employment gains of migration both in comparison to staying or job change. The gains vary considerably with pre-migration earnings and with the counterfactual considered. Future migrants have worse expectations for their labor market prospects in the East and migrants show a greater openness to mobility.
        KW  - migration
KW  - returns
KW  - selection
KW  - unemployment
KW  - moving costs
        ER  -