@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp13342,
            	author={Stillman, Steven and Velamuri, Malathi},
            	title={Are Personality Traits Really Fixed and Does It Matter?},
            	year={2020},
	month={Jun},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={13342},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp13342},
	abstract={A nascent but burgeoning literature examines the importance of non-cognitive skills in determining success across many facets of life. The majority of these papers treat these skills as fixed traits for adults. We estimate the impact of a number of life events on the Big Five personality traits and locus of control. A subset of life events have large impacts on these non-cognitive skills, especially on locus of control. For some events, these impacts persist in the medium-run. We then demonstrate that treating personality traits as fixed can lead to biased estimates of their relationship with socioeconomic outcomes.},
	keywords={personality;non-cognitive skills;life events;fixed},
            }