@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp13261,
            	author={Ali, Umair and Herbst, Chris M. and Makridis, Christos A.},
            	title={The Impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. Child Care Market: Evidence from Stay-At-Home Orders},
            	year={2020},
	month={May},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={13261},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp13261},
	abstract={Stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) have been implemented in most U.S. states to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This paper quantifies the short-run impact of these containment policies on the supply of and demand for child care. The child care market may be particularly vulnerable to a SAHO-type policy shock, given that many providers are liquidity-constrained. Using plausibly exogenous variation from the staggered adoption of SAHOs across states, we find that online job postings for early care and education teachers declined by 13% after enactment. This effect is driven exclusively by private-sector services.
Indeed, hiring by public programs like Head Start and pre-kindergarten has not been influenced by SAHOs. In addition, we find little evidence that child care search behavior among households has been altered. Because forced supply-side changes appear to be at play, our results suggest that households may not be well-equipped to insure against the rapid transition to the production of child care. We discuss the implications of these results for child development and parental employment decisions.},
	keywords={early care and education;COVID-19;coronavirus;child care;stay-at-home orders},
            }