TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Carozzi, Felipe
AU  - Roth, Sefi
        TI  - Dirty Density: Air Quality and the Density of American Cities
        PY  - 2020/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 13191
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp13191
        AB  - In this paper we study the effect of urban density on the exposure of city dwellers to air pollution using data from the United States urban system. Exploiting geological features to instrument for density, we find an economically and statistically significant pollution-density elasticity of 0.13. We also assess the health implications of these estimates and find that doubling density in an average city increases annual mortality costs by $630 per capita. Our findings highlight the possible trade-off between reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, which is associated with denser cities according to prior research, and preserving local air quality and human health within cities.
        KW  - density
KW  - cities
KW  - air pollution
KW  - health
        ER  -