TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Boonmanunt, Suparee
AU  - Meier, Stephan
        TI  - The Effect of Financial Constraints on In-Group Bias: Evidence from Rice Farmers in Thailand
        PY  - 2020/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 12919
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12919
        AB  - In-group bias can be detrimental for communities and economic development. We study the causal effect of financial constraints on in-group bias in prosocial behaviors – cooperation, norm enforcement, and sharing – among low-income rice farmers in rural Thailand, who cultivate and harvest rice once a year. We use a between-subjects design – randomly assigning participants to experiments either before harvest (more financially constrained) or after harvest. Farmers interacted with either in-group or out-group partners at village level. We find that in-group bias in cooperation and norm enforcement exist only after harvest, that is, when people are less financially constrained.
        KW  - cooperation
KW  - financial constraints
KW  - in-group bias
KW  - lab-in-the-field experiment
KW  - norm enforcement
        ER  -