%0 Report
        %A Boonmanunt, Suparee
%A Meier, Stephan
        %T The Effect of Financial Constraints on In-Group Bias: Evidence from Rice Farmers in Thailand
        %D 2020
        %8 2020 Jan
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 12919
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12919
        %X In-group bias can be detrimental for communities and economic development. We study the causal effect of financial constraints on in-group bias in prosocial behaviors – cooperation, norm enforcement, and sharing – among low-income rice farmers in rural Thailand, who cultivate and harvest rice once a year. We use a between-subjects design – randomly assigning participants to experiments either before harvest (more financially constrained) or after harvest. Farmers interacted with either in-group or out-group partners at village level. We find that in-group bias in cooperation and norm enforcement exist only after harvest, that is, when people are less financially constrained.
        %K cooperation
%K financial constraints
%K in-group bias
%K lab-in-the-field experiment
%K norm enforcement