@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp12797,
            	author={Chaudhary, Sookti and Davis, Alison and Troske, Kenneth and Troske, SuZanne},
            	title={Hospital Closures and Short-Run Change in Ambulance Call Times},
            	year={2019},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={12797},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12797},
	abstract={We measure one aspect of how access to emergency care through ambulance services changes for patients when a hospital closes. We empirically estimate the time needed to transport a patient to an emergency department in an ambulance in the period immediately after the hospital closes. We find urban patients in zip codes where a hospital closes have a small change in transportation time, where rural patients average an estimated 15.7 additional minutes – a 46% increase compared to the year before the closure. This increase is primarily the result of an almost 100 percent increase in the time it takes to transport a patient from the location of the incident to the hospital. The impact on rural Medicare-eligible patients is even larger. We find no change in the time it takes ambulances to arrive at an incident and only a small change in the time spent at the scene. },
	keywords={ambulance;hospital closure;access to care;rural vs urban},
            }