@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp12758,
            	author={Epstein, Gil S. and Sansani, Shahar},
            	title={Immigrant Examination Behavior},
            	year={2019},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={12758},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12758},
	abstract={In this paper, we estimate differences in examination behavior between immigrants and natives, by examining differences in the propensity to forego a passing grade on a final exam in order to retake that final exam. Retaking a final exam involves some level of uncertainty, so differences in examination behavior may be due to differences in motivation, risk-taking, and discipline. We find that immigrants are about 2 percentage points more likely to retake a passed exam than natives. This represents a large difference given a baseline retake rate of about 6.5 percentage points.},
	keywords={examination behavior;immigrant-native differences;uncertainty;motivation},
            }