TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Brunello, Giorgio
AU  - Kiss, David
        TI  - Math Scores in High Stakes Grades
        PY  - 2019/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 12338
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12338
        AB  - We investigate whether tests taken during a high stakes grade by German primary and secondary students produce higher math scores than in lower stakes grades. We identify a high stakes grade with the final grade of primary or secondary school, because good performance in that grade can affect future opportunities. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that high stakes increase math scores on average by 0.17 to 0.23 standard deviations, a sizeable effect.  
        KW  - (perceived) returns to education
KW  - high stakes testing
KW  - student motivation
KW  - achievement
        ER  -