@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp12251,
            	author={Gauri, Varun and Jamison, Julian C. and Mazar, Nina and Ozier, Owen},
            	title={Motivating Bureaucrats through Social Recognition: External Validity — A Tale of Two States},
            	year={2019},
	month={Mar},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={12251},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp12251},
	abstract={Bureaucratic performance is a crucial determinant of economic growth, but little real-world evidence exists on how to improve it, especially in resource-constrained settings. We conducted a field experiment of a social recognition intervention to improve record keeping in health facilities in two Nigerian states, replicating the intervention - implemented by a single organization - on bureaucrats performing identical tasks. Social recognition improved performance in one state but had no effect in the other, highlighting both the potential benefits and also the sometimes-limited generalizability of behavioral interventions. Furthermore, differences in facility-level observables did not explain cross-state differences in impacts, suggesting that it may often be difficult to predict external validity.},
	keywords={behavioral insights;bureaucracy;external validity;RCT;nudges;healthcare},
            }