@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp11805,
            	author={Bell, Brian and Costa, Rui and Machin, Stephen},
            	title={Why Does Education Reduce Crime?},
            	year={2018},
	month={Sep},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={11805},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp11805},
	abstract={Prior research shows reduced criminality to be a beneficial consequence of education policies that raise the school leaving age. This paper studies how crime reductions occurred in a sequence of state-level dropout age reforms enacted between 1980 and 2010 in the United States. These reforms changed the shape of crime-age profiles, reflecting both a temporary incapacitation effect and a more sustained, longer run crime reducing effect. In contrast to the previous research looking at earlier US education reforms, crime reduction does not arise solely as a result of education improvements, and so the observed longer run effect is interpreted as dynamic incapacitation. Additional evidence based on longitudinal data combined with an education reform from a different setting in Australia corroborates the finding of dynamic incapacitation underpinning education policy-induced crime reduction.},
	keywords={crime age profiles;school dropout;compulsory schooling laws},
            }