@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp11167,
            	author={Contini, Bruno and Perez, J. Ignacio Garcia and Pusch, Toralf and Quaranta, Roberto},
            	title={New Approaches to the Study of Long-Term Non-Employment Duration in Italy, Germany and Spain},
            	year={2017},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={11167},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp11167},
	abstract={This study proposes a new approach to the analysis of non-employment and its duration in Germany, Italy and Spain using administrative longitudinal databases. Non-employment includes the discouraged unemployed not entitled to draw unemployment benefits and the long-term inactive. Many of the non-employed individuals will never return to the official labour market. We estimate the magnitude and duration of non-employment, applying the survival methodology developed in recent years to deal with 'workforce disposal'. Long-term non-employment (LTNE) may lead to dramatic changes in individual lifestyles, family and childbearing projects, levels of poverty and welfare at large.},
	keywords={labor economics;inactivity;long-term unemployment;turnover},
            }