%0 Report
        %A Bauer, Thomas K.
%A Riphahn, Regina T.
        %T Employment Effects of Payroll Taxes - An Empirical Test for Germany
        %D 1998
        %8 1998 Jun
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 11
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp11
        %X This study tests to what degree the incidence of payroll taxes in Germany is on employment and whether in consequence payroll taxes, in particular social insurance contributions, are the culprit behind the growing unemployment problem. Using industry level data for 18 years (1977-1994) we estimate a system of five interdependent, dynamic factor demand equations. Various simulations indicate that the employment effects of payroll taxes are minimal
        %K unemployment
%K payroll tax
%K dynamic labor demand
%K social insurance