TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude
AU  - Khamis, Melanie
AU  - Yuksel, Mutlu
        TI  - Women Make Houses, Women Make Homes
        PY  - 2017/Jun/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 10830
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp10830
        AB  - This paper examines the persistent effects of historical labor market institutions and policies on women's long-term labor market outcomes. We quantify these enduring effects by exploring quasi-experimental variation in Germany's post-World War II mandatory reconstruction policy, which compelled women to work in the rubble removal and reconstruction process. 
Using difference-in-differences and instrumental variable approaches, we find that mandatory employment during the postwar era generated persistent adverse effects on women's long-term labor market outcomes. An increase in marriage and fertility rates in the postwar era and a physical and mental exhaustion associated with manual labor are some of the direct and indirect channels potentially explaining our results.
        KW  - female labor supply
KW  - historical institutions
KW  - occupational choice
        ER  -