%0 Report
        %A Akee, Randall K. Q.
%A Feir, Donn. L.
        %T Excess Mortality, Institutionalization and Homelessness Among Status Indians in Canada
        %D 2016
        %8 2016 Dec
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 10416
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp10416
        %X In this paper we use confidential-use Census and administrative data to produce the first national estimates of excess mortality, institutionalization and homelessness for the largest Indigenous population in Canada from the ages of 5 to 64. We identify mortality rates at least twice the Canadian average and find exceptionally high mortality rates for young Indigenous women and girls – up to four times the Canadian average at certain ages. We show mortality rates are even higher on reserve – up to five times the Canadian average. These relative mortality rates are higher than the relative mortality rates of African Americans and the Native Americans to non-Hispanics in the United States.
We also estimate very high rates of institutionalization and homelessness, especially among men and as a result there are stark gender ratio imbalances among this population. We speculate that this gender imbalance may play a role in excess female mortality in addition to several other socioeconomic factors.
        %K mortality
%K First Nations
%K Native American
%K Status Indian
%K homelessness
%K institutionalization
%K gender bias